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Sintering Of Powder Premixes

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Abstract

Advances in the understanding of the sintering of powder premixes have contributed significantly to the growth of the ferrous powder metallurgy industry. This includes sintering both in the solid state and in the presence of a liquid phase. In this article, the sintering of iron powder premixes containing: 1) graphite; 2) nickel and graphite; 3) copper and graphite; 4) Phosphorus as ferrophosphorus; and, 5) boron as ferroboron are discussed. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed as well.

INTRODUCTION

The growth of ferrous powder metallurgy (P/M) over the past five decades has been outstanding as this technology is proving itself as an alternative lower cost process to machining, casting, stamping, forging, and other similar metal working technologies. The growth has been spurred by continuing technological advancements in powder making and processing, alloy development, and parts production methods. ..

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JIP Reduced Iron Powders Atomized Iron And Steel Powders

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As a total iron powder maker, JFE Steel Corporation is the only company in Japan which produces and sells both reduced iron powder and atomized iron powder. The former is produced by reducing mill scale (iron oxide), and the latter, by atomizing molten steel with water. In addition to reduced iron powders, atomized iron powders, and alloyed steel powders, JFE also produces Clean Mix powders by applying a segregation-free treatment to these materials. JFE's iron powder products are used in a wide range of applications, beginning with powder metallurgy, where they are the main material for sintered machine parts for automobiles, electric appliances, and other types of machinery. They are also used as the main material for magnetic materials, the heating component in disposable body warmers, toner carriers for copying machines, and in numerous other applications, and have earned a high reputation in all these fields.

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Prediction of Iron Ore Sintering Characters on the Basis of Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

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Abstract

Iron ore sintering is a complex and hysteresis process, so the prediction of the iron ore sintering character is very necessary. By using stepwise regression analysis, this paper confirms the main factors that influence moisture content, fuel ratio, sintering speed and the sintering drum strength. By using BP artificial neural network, we construct the prediction model against the four characters mentioned afore, and prediction accuracy are 96.67%, 93.33%, 86.67% and 93.33% respectively. The model result used in sintering pot test, the experimental results show that the mix moisture and fuel ratio are optimized, and the sinter drum strength is improved.

1 Preamble

The iron and steel are the most vastly used structural materials and the biggest output functional materials, which amounts to 626,700,000 tons in 2010 in China, 42% of the global output. Along with iron and steel industry's

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Modeling and Simulation of Processes from an Iron Ore Sintering Plant

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Abstract:

This work presents the mathematic models of the basic processes from an iron ore processing plant. Based on the mathematic models, using the Matlab/Simulink platform, it was achieved the simulation of the dosing process and simulation of the sintering process. The achieved mathematic model allows the determination of the material flows in the charge at their chemical composition variation, or at the variation of the reference values of the parameters S, I, r0, c0. Further the simulation, there are obtained the time-variations of the optimal speed for the sintering machine at different distributions of iron ore’s temperatures on the sintering band.

1 Introduction

Restructuring of metallurgical industry is strongly influenced by the modernization of manufacturing processes from the sintering plants. Sintering, as physical-chemical process of iron ores preparation and obtaining of a controlled situation, is of maximum importance because the...

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Effect of Sintering Temperature on Friction Performance of Cu-based Nanometer Composites Reinforced by Nano SiO2 Particles

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Abstract.

The Cu-based nanometer composites reinforced by 1.0 wt% nano-SiO2 particles (Cu/n-SiO2) were prepared by powder metallurgy at different sintering temperature. The friction performance of the composites were studied by ball-disk friction tester. The results indicate the dynamice friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites gradually increase with the sintering temperature increasing (between 800 and 950 ) ℃ .

Intorduction

The nano SiO2 particles are amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials, which have excellent properties such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance because of its small size effect, surface and interface effect and so on. The nano SiO2 are widely used in high polymer, ceramics, coatings and biomedical fields [1-2]. In recent years, nano-SiO2 particles are gradually used in Cu-based composites. Besides keeping copper’s original excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity and elastic-plastic properties, nano-SiO2 can enhance the strength a

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Sintering Applications

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Preface

Materials science and engineering depends on three classes of materials namely metals, ceramics and polymers. The aim of this book is to help the graduate and doctoral students in materials science and related disciplines on the sintering of several materials. During the sintering process, changes occur in the microstructure because of decomposition or phase transformations. Three major changes commonly ocur during sintering. The grain size increases, pore shape and pore size changes. The result is a decrease in the porosity after sintering. The fabrication process for ceramics involves several different steps. The first step in ceramics processing is compaction. In the compaction stage, ceramic powders are pressed in a die to shape the powder into the desired form. Sintering is one of the final stages of ceramics fabrication and is used to increase the strength of the compacted material. In the Sintering of Ceramics section,

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How to Measure Phase Distribution and Degree of Sintering in Iron Ore Pellets

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Abstract

Iron ore pellets are made from refined and ground ore that is balled into spheroids and then heat treated. Pellet properties are measured through standardized physical, chemical and metallurgical tests to guarantee a high quality end product. However to better understand the oxidation and sintering of iron ore pellets one has to study the microstructures. This paper provides a proof of concept that optical microscopy combined with image analysis methods can be used to quantitatively measure phase distribution and degree of sintering in iron ore pellets.

I. INTRODUCTION

The iron ore extracted from LKAB’s underground mines consists mainly of the mineral magnetite. Magnetite, as the name implies is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals and has a black color with a brownish tint. About 80% of LKAB production consists of iron ore pellets, which are are made from...

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Particle Packing, Compaction And Sintering In Powder Metallurgy

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This thesis focuses on the improvement of density based on the controlhg of particle packing and the subsequent densification processes. Fist, the two-sphere mode1 for monosized powder to determine the lattice diffiision contribution in sintering is considered. Based on Eadie's model, two new solutions are developed and presented, an upper lirnit solution with dace curvature at a maximum al1 dong the neck and a more accurate solution in which the form of the surface curvature at the neck can be varied as appropriate. Producing birnodal powder distribution powder metallurgy (Pl4 parts is next considered. It is shown that this technique is capable of producing parts with exceilent final densities and mechanical properties. In order to explain the above expenrnental results, theoretical research about bimodal powder is focused on particle packing. The first theoretical tool is the coordination number of the particles a...

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Tribological Behavior And Characteristics Of Sintered Iron Based Alloys

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SUMMARY

Using conventional PM technologies a new iron based antifriction material containing Cu, Sn, Pb and MoS2 has been developed in order to meet specific working conditions. The compacted samples were sintered in different conditions in dry hydrogen 8 and the effect of the powder additions on the mechanical characteristics was evaluated. The tribological behavior of the different iron based materials has been studied by pin on disc tests and the coefficient of friction and wear rate have been analyzed in order to identify the effect of base material composition. Also, the microstructure of the wear surface was investigated.

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