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Modeling and Simulation of Processes from an Iron Ore Sintering Plant

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Abstract:

This work presents the mathematic models of the basic processes from an iron ore processing plant. Based on the mathematic models, using the Matlab/Simulink platform, it was achieved the simulation of the dosing process and simulation of the sintering process. The achieved mathematic model allows the determination of the material flows in the charge at their chemical composition variation, or at the variation of the reference values of the parameters S, I, r0, c0. Further the simulation, there are obtained the time-variations of the optimal speed for the sintering machine at different distributions of iron ore’s temperatures on the sintering band.

1 Introduction

Restructuring of metallurgical industry is strongly influenced by the modernization of manufacturing processes from the sintering plants. Sintering, as physical-chemical process of iron ores preparation and obtaining of a controlled situation, is of maximum importance because the...

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Effect of Sintering Temperature on Friction Performance of Cu-based Nanometer Composites Reinforced by Nano SiO2 Particles

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Abstract.

The Cu-based nanometer composites reinforced by 1.0 wt% nano-SiO2 particles (Cu/n-SiO2) were prepared by powder metallurgy at different sintering temperature. The friction performance of the composites were studied by ball-disk friction tester. The results indicate the dynamice friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites gradually increase with the sintering temperature increasing (between 800 and 950 ) ℃ .

Intorduction

The nano SiO2 particles are amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials, which have excellent properties such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance because of its small size effect, surface and interface effect and so on. The nano SiO2 are widely used in high polymer, ceramics, coatings and biomedical fields [1-2]. In recent years, nano-SiO2 particles are gradually used in Cu-based composites. Besides keeping copper’s original excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity and elastic-plastic properties, nano-SiO2 can enhance the strength a

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Sintering Applications

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Preface

Materials science and engineering depends on three classes of materials namely metals, ceramics and polymers. The aim of this book is to help the graduate and doctoral students in materials science and related disciplines on the sintering of several materials. During the sintering process, changes occur in the microstructure because of decomposition or phase transformations. Three major changes commonly ocur during sintering. The grain size increases, pore shape and pore size changes. The result is a decrease in the porosity after sintering. The fabrication process for ceramics involves several different steps. The first step in ceramics processing is compaction. In the compaction stage, ceramic powders are pressed in a die to shape the powder into the desired form. Sintering is one of the final stages of ceramics fabrication and is used to increase the strength of the compacted material. In the Sintering of Ceramics section,

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How to Measure Phase Distribution and Degree of Sintering in Iron Ore Pellets

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Abstract

Iron ore pellets are made from refined and ground ore that is balled into spheroids and then heat treated. Pellet properties are measured through standardized physical, chemical and metallurgical tests to guarantee a high quality end product. However to better understand the oxidation and sintering of iron ore pellets one has to study the microstructures. This paper provides a proof of concept that optical microscopy combined with image analysis methods can be used to quantitatively measure phase distribution and degree of sintering in iron ore pellets.

I. INTRODUCTION

The iron ore extracted from LKAB’s underground mines consists mainly of the mineral magnetite. Magnetite, as the name implies is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals and has a black color with a brownish tint. About 80% of LKAB production consists of iron ore pellets, which are are made from...

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Particle Packing, Compaction And Sintering In Powder Metallurgy

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This thesis focuses on the improvement of density based on the controlhg of particle packing and the subsequent densification processes. Fist, the two-sphere mode1 for monosized powder to determine the lattice diffiision contribution in sintering is considered. Based on Eadie's model, two new solutions are developed and presented, an upper lirnit solution with dace curvature at a maximum al1 dong the neck and a more accurate solution in which the form of the surface curvature at the neck can be varied as appropriate. Producing birnodal powder distribution powder metallurgy (Pl4 parts is next considered. It is shown that this technique is capable of producing parts with exceilent final densities and mechanical properties. In order to explain the above expenrnental results, theoretical research about bimodal powder is focused on particle packing. The first theoretical tool is the coordination number of the particles a...

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Tribological Behavior And Characteristics Of Sintered Iron Based Alloys

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SUMMARY

Using conventional PM technologies a new iron based antifriction material containing Cu, Sn, Pb and MoS2 has been developed in order to meet specific working conditions. The compacted samples were sintered in different conditions in dry hydrogen 8 and the effect of the powder additions on the mechanical characteristics was evaluated. The tribological behavior of the different iron based materials has been studied by pin on disc tests and the coefficient of friction and wear rate have been analyzed in order to identify the effect of base material composition. Also, the microstructure of the wear surface was investigated.

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The Commitment-Trust Theory Of Relationship Marketing

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Abstract

Examined the nature of relationship marketing (RM) and 2 key characteristics associated with the success of RM: commitment and trust. Commitment and trust were modeled as key mediating variables (KMV) in successful RM, and the KMV model was tested among 204 automobile tire retailers. Ss completed measures of focal constructs, antecedents of relationships commitment (RSC) and trust (RST), and consequences of RSC and RST in their organization. The KMV model was tested and compared with a rival model that did not allow RSC and RST to function as mediating variables. All hypothesized paths from the antecedents to RSC and RST were supported. RSC and RST also had considerable influence on variables that were theorized to be important for RM success. Goodness of fit measures showed acceptable fit for the KMV model and the rival, but when parsimony was corrected, the overall fit of the rival was less than half that of the KMV. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

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Motorsports Involvement among Adolescents and Young Adults with Childhood ADHD

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Abstract

Although children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for impulsive, health-endangering behavior, few studies have examined nonsubstance, use-related risk-taking behaviors. This study examined whether adolescents and young adults with ADHD histories were more likely than those without ADHD histories to report frequent engagement in motorsports, a collection of risky driving-related activities associated with elevated rates of physical injury. Path analyses tested whether persistent impulsivity, comorbid conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder (CD/ASP), and heavy alcohol use mediated this association. Analyses also explored whether frequent motorsporting was associated with unsafe and alcohol-influenced driving. Two hundred twenty-one adolescent and young adult males (16-25 years old) diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and 139 demographically similar males without ADHD histories reported their motorsports involvement. Persistent impulsivity, CD/ASP, heavy drinking, and hazardous driving were also measured in adolescence/young adulthood. Adolescents and young adults with ADHD histories were more likely to report frequent motorsports involvement than those without childhood ADHD. Impulsivity, CD/ASP, and heavy drinking...

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Motorsports Medicine.

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Abstract

Motorsports is the fastest growing professional sport in the United States. Each year approximately 14 drivers die, and many others are paralyzed or seriously injured. Although there is a common misconception that motorsports medicine is analogous to standard emergency or sports medicine, due to the unique racing environment a traditional approach to emergency medical services can be ineffective and may expose drivers, spectators, and medical personnel to great danger. This article is a general review of the evolving subspecialty of motorsports medicine.

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Effect of Traffic on Sales and Conversion Rates of Retail Stores

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Attracting shoppers to stores and converting the incoming traffic into sales profitably are vital for the financial health of retailers. In this paper, we use proprietary data pertaining to an apparel retailer to study the relationship between store traffic, labor, and sales performance.We decompose sales volume into conversion rate (defined as the ratio of number of transactions to traffic) and basket value (defined as the ratio of sales volume to number of transactions) and analyze the impact of traffic on sales and its components. We find that store sales volume exhibits diminishing returns to scale with respect to traffic. We determine that this relationship is driven by a decline in conversion rate with traffic (as opposed to a decline in basket value). Our results show that an increase in conversion rate is associated with an increase in future traffic...

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Use Of Full Engine And Detailed Valvetrain Models To Improve Valve Control In A High-Speed Racing Engine.

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Abstract

Valve control is critical to the performance of high speed racing engines. Even slight errors in valve timing can lead to significant power loss and deviations from the design valve motion may affect engine life. Traditionally, valve-train designs have been optimised using simple rigid body models. At high loads, however, component flexibility leads to discrepancies between predicted and measured results. These can arise either from within each single valvetrain or from torsional effects in the full engine system. This paper describes how full engine system and detailed single valvetrain models have been used in the process of developing a high-speed racing engine. Results from the models have shown how valvetrain dynamics is affected by component flexibility and have given solutions to durability problems.

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