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How The Language Of Television News Broadcasting Is Shaped By Audience Design

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(1) INTRODUCTION

The focus of my dissertation is to find out to what extent television news programmes differ in relation to audience design, that is, how they use different linguistic styles to appeal to their respective audiences. What Fairclough (1991) terms as ‘niche audiences’. Language is tailored with a particular audience in mind, as Bell (1991) pointed out that the audience is usually the most important factor in choice of language style; “The essence of style is that … speakers are often primarily responding to their audience in the language they produce … the audience are arguably the most important and certainly the most researched component of mass communication … communicators do work with an idea of the audience they are speaking to and what they want” (Bell, 1991).

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Respect for Picket Lines

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1. INTRODUCTION

A great deal has been written about the notorious reluctance of workers to cross picket lines' and the fact that such a refusal is traditional in the American labor movement.3 There is, however, a relatively small number of judicial and administrative decisions delineating the rights of employees upon refusing to cross a picket line.

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Discrete Choice

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Abstract

Discrete choice modeling is a popular technique in marketing research, transportation, and other areas. It is used to help researchers understand people’s stated choice of alternative products and services. We discuss designing a choice experiment, preparing the questionnaire, inputting and processing the data, performing the analysis, and interpreting the results. Most of the discussion is on designing the choice experiment.

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Specific Incident Exemption of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act: DeceptivelyStraight Forward

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I. Introduction

Employee theft has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with estimated losses ranging from $9.2 billion to $50 billion per year. A recent survey showed that at least one-third of retail manufacturing and service organization employees have stolen company property. Others have estimated that "seventy percent of all workers steal something during the course of their employment. In 1982, approximately 335,000 American workers were arrested for theft from their employers even though "discipline, not arrest, is the normal consequence" of employee theft.

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Limits on Individual Accountability for Corporate Crimes

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I. INTRODUCTION

Recently, a trend toward expanding personal accountability for acting or failing to act while serving in a position of authority has emerged.' In the past few years, public debate has focused on serious questions of personal accountability in such matters as Watergate,2 the My Lai Massacre and covert CIA actions abroad. In light of this trend, commentators have called for increased criminal accountability of individuals for corporate wrongdoing.

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Common Carriers and Picket Lines

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Labor, in the continuing struggle for the advancement of its cause, has discovered that a picket line is a valuable coercive weapon when placed around the plant of an employer engaged in a labor dispute with his employees. In the beginning many employers succeeded in enjoining peaceful picketing.Today, peaceful picketing is generally held to be lawful' and employees of neutral employers may refuse to cross a legally established picket line.

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Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading

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Introduction to Fatigue in Metals

In most testing of those properties of materials that relate to the stress-strain diagram, the load is applied gradually, to give sufficient time for the strain to fully develop. Furthermore, the specimen is tested to destruction, and so the stresses are applied only once.Testing of this kind is applicable, to what are known as static conditions; such conditions closely approximate the actual conditions to which many structural and machine members are subjected.

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Combinatorics

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3.1 Permutations

Many problems in probability theory require that we count the number of ways that a particular event can occur. For this, we study the topics of permutations and combinations. We consider permutations in this section and combinations in the next section. Before discussing permutations, it is useful to introduce a general counting technique that will enable us to solve a variety of counting problems, including the problem of counting the number of possible permutations of n objects.

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Model Joint Venture Agreement

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INTRODUCTION

Joint ventures (“JV”) may take a number of forms, but the basis on which they are formed is always a commercial collaboration in which two or more unrelated parties pool, exchange, or integrate some of their resources with a view to mutual gain, while at the same time remaining independent. This checklist provides a basis on which to consider the issues surrounding the formation of the JV and the ongoing legal rights and obligations between the parties.

Much of this checklist relates to a limited liability company form of JV but many of the issues raised will be equally relevant to the corporate form. In addition, there are tax and regulatory issues that will impact the structure and operation of the JV and they are not addressed in any great detail here.

As this is a generic checklist it...

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Estimation of In-Cylinder Pressure Using Spark Plug Discharge Current Measurements

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Abstract

In cylinder pressure of spark ignition engines is correlated with several variables of the compression, injection, and ignition processes. Therefore, by monitoring the pressure of each cylinder we can improve the electronic engine supervision and control in terms of fast response and accuracy, thus enabling online diagnosis and overall efficiency improvement. However, the pressure measurement methods proposed until now have not been generally accepted at the production level due to their cost and/or complexity

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Leveraging Sponsorships on the Internet: Activation, Congruence, and Articulation

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ABSTRACT

This paper considers how the Internet can be used to leverage commercial sponsorships to enhance audience attitudes toward the sponsor. Definitions are offered that distinguish the terms leverage and activation with respect to sponsorship linked marketing; leveraging encompasses all marketing communications collateral to the sponsorship investment, whereas activation relates to those communications that encourage interaction with the sponsor.

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Dynamic Analysis Of Loads And Stresses In Connecting Rods

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Abstract:

Automobile internal combustion engine connecting rod is a high volume production component subjected to complex loading. Proper optimization of this component, which is critical to the engine fuel efficiency and more vigorously pursued by the automotive industry in recent years, necessitates a detailed understanding of the applied loads and resulting stresses under in-service conditions. In this study, detailed load analysis under service loading conditions was performed for a typical connecting rod, followed by quasi-dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) to capture stress variations over a cycle of operation.

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The Rising Cost of Consumer Attention: Why You Should Care, and What You Can Do about It

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Abstract

Attention is a necessary ingredient for effective advertising. The market for consumer attention (or “eyeballs”) has become so competitive that attention can be regarded as a currency. The rising cost of this ingredient in the marketplace is causing marketers to waste money on costly attention sources or reduce their investment in promoting their brands. Instead, they should be thinking about how to “buy” cheaper attention and how to use it more effectively.

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Evaluating Verification and Validation Methods in Knowledge Engineering

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Abstract:

Verification and validation (V&V) techniques have always been an essential part of the knowledge engineering process, because they offer the only way to judge the success (or otherwise) of a knowledge base development project. This remains true in the context of knowledge management: V&V techniques provide ways to measure the quality of knowledge in a knowledge base, and to indicate where work needs to be done to rectify anomalous knowledge. This paper provides a critical assessment of the state of the practice in knowledge base V&V, including a survey of available evidence as to the effectiveness of various V&V techniques in real-world knowledge base development projects. For the knowledge management practitioner, this paper offers guidance and recommendations for the use of V&V techniques; for researchers in knowledge management, the paper offers pointers to areas where further wor

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