Introduction
This subject guide is designed to help you to study the Elements of the Law of Contract in England and Wales. This guide is not a textbook and it must not be taken as a substitute for reading the texts, cases, statutes and journals referred to in it. The purpose of the guide is to take you through each topic in the syllabus for Elements of the Law of Contract in a way which will help you to understand contract law.
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the method of crack detection, monitoring, and data extraction employed by the University of California, Berkeley Pavement Research Center as part of its accelerated pavement testing program (CAL/APT). The method employs digital imaging techniques, which enable the conversion of images to data on the location, orientation, and length of fatigue cracks on pavement test sections. Crack data is presented from three pavement sections tested using the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS). These sections are identified as 502CT, 503RF, and 515RF. The crack density (cm/cm2) data from these sections is correlated with data obtained from other instrumentation on these sections, including nuclear gage, multi-depth deflectometer, road surface deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. Crack density is also correlated with the load distribution caused by the wander pattern of the HVS test wheel.
Multispectral remote sensors such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT XS produce images with a few relatively broad wavelength bands. Hyperspectral remote sensors, on the other hand, collect image data simultaneously in dozens or hundreds of narrow, adjacent spectral bands. These measurements make it possible to derive a continuous spectrum for each image cell, as shown in the illustration below. After adjustments for sensor, atmospheric, and terrain effects are applied, these image spectra can be compared with field or laboratory reflectance spectra in order to recognize and map surface materials such as particular types of vegetation or diagnostic minerals associated with ore deposits.
Hyperspectral images contain a wealth of data, but interpreting them requires an understanding of exactly what properties of ground materials we are trying to measure, and how they relate to the measurements actually made by the hyperspectral sensor.
Abstract:
This paper describes a fast procedure for evaluating asphalt pavement surface defects using airborne emissivity data. To develop this procedure, we used airborne multispectral emissivity data covering an urban test area close to Venice (Italy).For this study, we first identify and select the roads’ asphalt pavements on Multispectral Infrared Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS) imagery using a segmentation procedure. Next, since in asphalt pavements the surface defects are strictly related to the decrease of oily components that cause an increase of the abundance of surfacing limestone, the diagnostic absorption emissivity peak at 11.2μm of the limestone was used for retrieving from MIVIS emissivity data the areas exhibiting defects on asphalt pavements surface.The results showed that MIVIS emissivity allows establishing a threshold that points out those asphalt road sites on which a check for a maintenance intervention is required. Therefore, this
SUMMARY
An experimental study was conducted to compare the spin-up behavior of an aircraft tire during touchdown on grooved surfaces with the corresponding behavior on similar ungrooved surfaces. The study involved the impact of 49 X 17, type VII aircraft tires at several inflation pressures upon dry grooved and ungrooved concrete and asphalt surfaces at ground speeds up to approximately 110 knots. The results of this study indicate that grooving a runway generally reduces wheel spin-up time but does not appreciably affect the maximum wheel spin-up drag loads, at least for the ground speeds of these tests. Tire-tread damage in the form of chevron cutting was observed on the grooved surfaces under some test conditions and appeared to be dependent upon ground speed, tire inflation pressure, and the runway surface material.
ABSTRACT:
This paper reports the initial findings of a study to assess the use of close range terrestrial photogrammetry to model the wear of asphalt surface course mixes. Slabs of 10mm asphalt concrete were subjected to accelerated wear under laboratory conditions using the University of Ulster Road Test Machine. Macro-texture profiles were generated from photo stereo pairs. The output data was compared to texture depth change determined using the conventional volumetric sand patch test. The initial findings suggest that this methodology based on digital imagery can be used to model highway surface change and provide improved understanding of the processes at the tyre road surface interface
ABSTRACT
IndyCar events attract thousands of spectators and over one million television viewers. Additionally, IndyCar is the most elite form of motorsport that races on oval speedways, natural terrain road courses, and temporary street circuits. This research utilizes case studies of IndyCar events contested on each of these three venue types (Iowa Corn Indy 250 – oval speedway; Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio – road course; Grand Prix of St.Petersburg – street circuit). Previous research in figurational sociology, place marketing, and mega-events provide a framework used to identify key similarities and differences among the perceived and observed benefits and costs of an IndyCar race on their host cities and regions.in...
Sponsorship funding has become a staple source of revenues for many sport events, but there are two types of potentially negative outcomes for properties that may be associated with it: operational risk and reputational risk. Operational risk occurs when sponsors insist on changing the rules or format of the event, or when they exercise undue influence on its content, timing, location or participants. The primary source of reputational risk is increased public sensitivity to the negative health impacts of some product categories, most prominently those of tobacco, alcohol, gambling and products that are high in fat, salt or sugar that may make it contentious for a sport property to partner with companies in these product classes. Similar controversy from public sensitivity may emerge around issues of corporate social responsibility, as expectations grow
Abstract
Sports sponsorship, a new form of corporate marketing, has become a major source of funding for sports teams and events.
As an entrepreneurial activity, sports sponsorship entails a degree of risk for the company which, like all enterprise risks, must be managed and controlled using effective, efficient programmes that analyse and assess the potential impact on the company’s finances and reputation, thereby allowing the sponsor to take steps to avoid or mitigate such risks.
A two-sided market can create value by simplifying and accelerating transactions, as well as lower their cost for the parties it connects. As a two-sided network grows, successful platforms are able to scale. Users, seeing a larger potential marketplace, will then pay a higher price to access the platform. Two-sided marketplaces have an advantage over traditional one-sided markets (often found in service or manufacturing-oriented businesses), which at some point experience diminishing returns on market growth (customer acquisition).
A two-sided market is often defined by the relationship the intermediary has with the external groups or agents on its platform. This relationship is seen in pricing in particular. Those that oversee platforms must maintain equilibrium between both sides of the network, sometimes subsiding the more price-sensitive side a...
Abstract
Brand management has become increasingly important, given the rapid changes in the global market and the elevation of competition. A sound brand image creates clear product differentiation, consumer preference and loyalty. In the beginning, the entire market of Chinese mobile telephone was occupied by the foreign companies. This phase has continued over ten years until the beginning of 1999, when some homebred brands entered the mobile phone market in succession. After five years, the homebred brands formed a certain scale. At present there are several hundred brands of mobile phones in China, including foreign brands such as Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and Chinese brands such as Amoi, Bird, TCL. However, most of Chinese use cell phones of Nokia, Motorola and Samsung due to their good brands. This dissertation aims to study brand and brand recognition in order to identify its importance to...
The number of states enacting laws restricting a franchisor’s sale or termination of franchises has increased over the years. An understanding of the existing laws is important for every supplier and distributor of goods and services, because such statutes have been held to apply to far more than the traditional fast food hamburger operation. In some states, for example, if a supplier of a branded product merely requires a distributor to maintain a 90-day inventory and participate in a promotional program, a “franchise” under the applicable statutory definition may exist, with disclosure and registration requirements imposed on the supplier and extensive rights granted by law to the distributor. The supplier’s failure to comply can lead to serious penalties.
Despite the fact that corruption has a negative aggregate economic effect on a country’s investment and growth,agrowing body of literature has pointed out that political connections may be beneficial to specific firms. Academic studies reporting evidence on how connections provide sources of value have identified only a few differences between connected and nonconnected firms, such as preferential access to credit
Introduction
The time has come for a federal right of publicity statute. Because of technological advances, expressive works and advertisements are increasingly disseminated on a national, if not international, scale. Right of publicity law, however, remains entirely a creature of state law. Different states have widely divergent right of publicity laws. This divergence results in a multistate patchwork that forces national content producers to engage in self-censorship and tailor their content to the laws of states that provide the least amount of protection to free speech rights. The outsized role of Indiana’s right of publicity law provides a good example. In recent years, numerous lawsuits have been brought against non-Indiana defendants for violations of Indiana right of publicity law by celebrities and heirs of deceased celebrities who have had little or no connection to Indiana. The reason is simple. Indiana’s right of publicity statute...