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Day: December 26, 2017

Industry Views on Beverage Alcohol Advertising and Marketing, with Special Reference to Young People

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Introduction

1. Both leading beverage alcohol producers and WHO recognize that alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are significant public health problems. Although differences certainly exist in views about the relative importance of the health benefits of moderate drinking or the definitions of what might be called harmful drinking, there is agreement that irresponsible and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to adverse health and social consequences, both in the short and long term. A key area of common concern relates to alcohol consumption by young people, which has been perceived in developed and developing countries as an important problem.

2. There are two distinct aspects of this problem. The first relates to the consumption of beverage alcohol by those under the minimum legal drinking age, however that is defined in any particular country. The other is a pattern of drinking by

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Brand Personality Differentiation in Formula One Motor Racing: An Australian View

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Introduction

In a previous paper (Donahay & Rosenberger 2007), we investigated the effectiveness of image transfer from a Formula One (F1) team to the principal sponsor by measuring the brand-personality (BP) congruency between the team and principal sponsor when affected by the functional congruity of the sponsor brand and F1 team and the team’s level of winning performance. In this paper, we revisit the data and specifically assess Aaker’s (1997) BP construct as a tool for detecting differences in the BP profiles of four F1 team brands (Ferrari, Williams, B.A.R., Jaguar) as perceived by Australian F1 fans.

By associating with the characteristics of a sporting team, event or well-known athlete, sports sponsorship seeks to increase brand loyalty, create awareness, change or reinforce their image, drive retail or dealer traffic and stimulate sales, trial and usage

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The Balance Theory Domino: How Sponsorships May Elicit Negative Consumer Attitudes

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ABSTRACT

Previous research has shown that fan identification with an entity contributes to a positive attitude toward companies that associate with that entity. In this study, we examine if sponsorship of an entity they dislike may actually alienate consumers and make them look at the sponsoring company in a less favorable manner. We surveyed NASCAR fans and found that, while there is a strong positive connection between attitude toward their favorite driver and attitude toward that driver’s sponsor, the reverse was true as well. That is, respondents’ attitudes for brands that sponsor their least favorite driver appear to be negatively impacted.

INTRODUCTION

Companies continue to increase their expenditures on sponsorships with hopes that positive emotions toward a property (e.g., sporting event, sport team, arts organization) will transfer to the sponsoring brands, therefore enhancing brand image and resulting in

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Elements Of The Law Of Contract

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Introduction

This subject guide is designed to help you to study the Elements of the Law of Contract in England and Wales. This guide is not a textbook and it must not be taken as a substitute for reading the texts, cases, statutes and journals referred to in it. The purpose of the guide is to take you through each topic in the syllabus for Elements of the Law of Contract in a way which will help you to understand contract law.

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Asphalt Concrete Fatigue Crack Monitoring and Analysis Using Digital Image Analysis Techniques

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ABSTRACT

This paper describes the method of crack detection, monitoring, and data extraction employed by the University of California, Berkeley Pavement Research Center as part of its accelerated pavement testing program (CAL/APT). The method employs digital imaging techniques, which enable the conversion of images to data on the location, orientation, and length of fatigue cracks on pavement test sections. Crack data is presented from three pavement sections tested using the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS). These sections are identified as 502CT, 503RF, and 515RF. The crack density (cm/cm2) data from these sections is correlated with data obtained from other instrumentation on these sections, including nuclear gage, multi-depth deflectometer, road surface deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. Crack density is also correlated with the load distribution caused by the wander pattern of the HVS test wheel.

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Hyperspectral Imaging with TNTmips®

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Multispectral remote sensors such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT XS produce images with a few relatively broad wavelength bands. Hyperspectral remote sensors, on the other hand, collect image data simultaneously in dozens or hundreds of narrow, adjacent spectral bands. These measurements make it possible to derive a continuous spectrum for each image cell, as shown in the illustration below. After adjustments for sensor, atmospheric, and terrain effects are applied, these image spectra can be compared with field or laboratory reflectance spectra in order to recognize and map surface materials such as particular types of vegetation or diagnostic minerals associated with ore deposits.

Hyperspectral images contain a wealth of data, but interpreting them requires an understanding of exactly what properties of ground materials we are trying to measure, and how they relate to the measurements actually made by the hyperspectral sensor.

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Road Asphalt Pavements Analyzed by Airborne Thermal Remote Sensing: Preliminary Results of the Venice Highway

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Abstract:

This paper describes a fast procedure for evaluating asphalt pavement surface defects using airborne emissivity data. To develop this procedure, we used airborne multispectral emissivity data covering an urban test area close to Venice (Italy).For this study, we first identify and select the roads’ asphalt pavements on Multispectral Infrared Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS) imagery using a segmentation procedure. Next, since in asphalt pavements the surface defects are strictly related to the decrease of oily components that cause an increase of the abundance of surfacing limestone, the diagnostic absorption emissivity peak at 11.2μm of the limestone was used for retrieving from MIVIS emissivity data the areas exhibiting defects on asphalt pavements surface.The results showed that MIVIS emissivity allows establishing a threshold that points out those asphalt road sites on which a check for a maintenance intervention is required. Therefore, this

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Effects Of Runway Grooving On Aircraft Tire Spin-up Behavior

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SUMMARY

An experimental study was conducted to compare the spin-up behavior of an aircraft tire during touchdown on grooved surfaces with the corresponding behavior on similar ungrooved surfaces. The study involved the impact of 49 X 17, type VII aircraft tires at several inflation pressures upon dry grooved and ungrooved concrete and asphalt surfaces at ground speeds up to approximately 110 knots. The results of this study indicate that grooving a runway generally reduces wheel spin-up time but does not appreciably affect the maximum wheel spin-up drag loads, at least for the ground speeds of these tests. Tire-tread damage in the form of chevron cutting was observed on the grooved surfaces under some test conditions and appeared to be dependent upon ground speed, tire inflation pressure, and the runway surface material.

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Use Of Close Range Terrestrial Photogrammetry To Assess Accelerated Wear Of Asphalt Concrete Surface Course Mixes

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ABSTRACT:

This paper reports the initial findings of a study to assess the use of close range terrestrial photogrammetry to model the wear of asphalt surface course mixes. Slabs of 10mm asphalt concrete were subjected to accelerated wear under laboratory conditions using the University of Ulster Road Test Machine. Macro-texture profiles were generated from photo stereo pairs. The output data was compared to texture depth change determined using the conventional volumetric sand patch test. The initial findings suggest that this methodology based on digital imagery can be used to model highway surface change and provide improved understanding of the processes at the tyre road surface interface

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Automobile Races and the Marketing of Places: A Geographic and Marketing Exploration of IndyCar Racing in the United States

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ABSTRACT

IndyCar events attract thousands of spectators and over one million television viewers. Additionally, IndyCar is the most elite form of motorsport that races on oval speedways, natural terrain road courses, and temporary street circuits. This research utilizes case studies of IndyCar events contested on each of these three venue types (Iowa Corn Indy 250 – oval speedway; Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio – road course; Grand Prix of St.Petersburg – street circuit). Previous research in figurational sociology, place marketing, and mega-events provide a framework used to identify key similarities and differences among the perceived and observed benefits and costs of an IndyCar race on their host cities and regions.in...

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